Planting Calendar (Pakistan)
A month-by-month guide for what to plant when. Micro-climate matters — use this as a starting point and adjust for your city.
Rose (planting)
Rosa spp.
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Best time to plant bare-root; prune + feed after establishment.
Taro / Arum (Arvi)
Colocasia esculenta
Plains; Coastal
Plant corms in warm soil; avoid frost period.
Bitter gourd (Karela)
Momordica charantia
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; needs trellis; warm season.
Bottle gourd (Lauki/Kaddu)
Lagenaria siceraria
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis improves yield; avoid cold nights.
Eggplant (Baingan)
Solanum melongena
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant preferred; protect young plants from cold.
Sheesham
Dalbergia sissoo
Punjab, KPK
Plant in moderate temperatures with reliable watering. Mulch and guard for survival.
Coriander (Dhaniya)
Coriandrum sativum
Plains; Coastal
Bolts in heat; best in cooler windows.
Cucumber (Kheera)
Cucumis sativus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis helps; avoid peak heat in very hot cities.
Ginger (Adrak)
Zingiber officinale
Plains; Coastal
Plant rhizomes; warm + moisture; partial shade helps.
Chili pepper (Mirch)
Capsicum annuum
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; protect from frost in colder zones.
Mint (Podina)
Mentha spp.
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings/runners; spreads aggressively.
Okra (Bhindi)
Abelmoschus esculentus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; heat tolerant; needs regular picking.
Onion (Piaz)
Allium cepa
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant or sets; bulb size depends on variety.
Potato (Aloo)
Solanum tuberosum
Plains; Northern
Plant seed tubers; avoid waterlogging.
Radish (Mooli)
Raphanus sativus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; quick crop; heat can make it pithy/spicy.
Sponge gourd (Tori)
Luffa aegyptiaca (syn. Luffa cylindrica)
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis recommended.
Capsicum / Bell pepper (Shimla mirch)
Capsicum annuum (Grossum Group)
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; sensitive to cold + extreme heat.
Sweet potato (Shakar qandi)
Ipomoea batatas
Plains; Coastal
Plant slips/vines; warm soil required.
Tomato (Tamatar)
Solanum lycopersicum
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; protect from frost where needed.
Rose (planting)
Rosa spp.
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Best time to plant bare-root; prune + feed after establishment.
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; full sun; heat tolerant once established.
Zinnia
Zinnia elegans
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; loves heat; avoid overhead watering.
Cosmos
Cosmos bipinnatus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; flowers best in mild temps.
Portulaca (Moss rose)
Portulaca grandiflora
Plains; Coastal
Very heat tolerant; full sun.
Vinca (Periwinkle)
Catharanthus roseus
Plains; Coastal
Loves heat; hardy summer bedding.
Celosia
Celosia argentea
Plains; Coastal
Warm-season flower; good in humidity.
Mango
Mangifera indica
Plains; Coastal
Plant grafted saplings; avoid peak-heat transplant shock.
Kinnow / Mandarin citrus
Citrus reticulata
Plains; Coastal
Plant budded plants; ensure drainage; protect from frost in colder zones.
Sweet orange
Citrus sinensis
Plains; Coastal
Same citrus timing; sun + airflow reduce disease.
Lemon
Citrus limon
Plains; Coastal
Citrus timing; container-growing possible in many cities.
Guava
Psidium guajava
Plains; Coastal
Saplings establish fast; prune for structure.
Neem
Azadirachta indica
Plains; Coastal
Drought tolerant once established.
Moringa (Sohanjna)
Moringa oleifera
Plains; Coastal
Fast growth; great for edible leaves/pods.
Amaltas (Golden shower)
Cassia fistula
Plains; Coastal
Ornamental flowering tree; full sun.
Gulmohar
Delonix regia
Plains; Coastal
Needs warmth; avoid frost-prone zones.
Jacaranda
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Plains; Coastal
Ornamental; flowers best with full sun.
Bottlebrush
Melaleuca citrina (syn. Callistemon citrinus)
Plains; Coastal
Hardy ornamental; attracts pollinators.
Bougainvillea
Bougainvillea glabra / Bougainvillea spectabilis
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings; full sun; hates waterlogging.
Hibiscus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Plains; Coastal
Shrub; prune for blooms; regular feeding helps.
Jasmine (Mogra/Chambeli)
Jasminum sambac / Jasminum officinale
Plains; Coastal; Northern
Protect from hard frost; best flowering in sun.
Taro / Arum (Arvi)
Colocasia esculenta
Plains; Coastal
Plant corms in warm soil; avoid frost period.
Bitter gourd (Karela)
Momordica charantia
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; needs trellis; warm season.
Bottle gourd (Lauki/Kaddu)
Lagenaria siceraria
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis improves yield; avoid cold nights.
Eggplant (Baingan)
Solanum melongena
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant preferred; protect young plants from cold.
Coriander (Dhaniya)
Coriandrum sativum
Plains; Coastal
Bolts in heat; best in cooler windows.
Cucumber (Kheera)
Cucumis sativus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis helps; avoid peak heat in very hot cities.
Ginger (Adrak)
Zingiber officinale
Plains; Coastal
Plant rhizomes; warm + moisture; partial shade helps.
Mint (Podina)
Mentha spp.
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings/runners; spreads aggressively.
Okra (Bhindi)
Abelmoschus esculentus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; heat tolerant; needs regular picking.
Neem
Azadirachta indica
Many cities
Plant before extreme heat. Water deep, mulch, and avoid shallow daily watering.
Onion (Piaz)
Allium cepa
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant or sets; bulb size depends on variety.
Potato (Aloo)
Solanum tuberosum
Plains; Northern
Plant seed tubers; avoid waterlogging.
Radish (Mooli)
Raphanus sativus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; quick crop; heat can make it pithy/spicy.
Sponge gourd (Tori)
Luffa aegyptiaca (syn. Luffa cylindrica)
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis recommended.
Sweet potato (Shakar qandi)
Ipomoea batatas
Plains; Coastal
Plant slips/vines; warm soil required.
Tinda
Praecitrullus fistulosus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; warm-season cucurbit.
Tomato (Tamatar)
Solanum lycopersicum
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; protect from frost where needed.
Turmeric (Haldi)
Curcuma longa
Plains; Coastal
Plant rhizomes; warm + moisture; long crop.
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; full sun; heat tolerant once established.
Zinnia
Zinnia elegans
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; loves heat; avoid overhead watering.
Cosmos
Cosmos bipinnatus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; flowers best in mild temps.
Portulaca (Moss rose)
Portulaca grandiflora
Plains; Coastal
Very heat tolerant; full sun.
Vinca (Periwinkle)
Catharanthus roseus
Plains; Coastal
Loves heat; hardy summer bedding.
Celosia
Celosia argentea
Plains; Coastal
Warm-season flower; good in humidity.
Mango
Mangifera indica
Plains; Coastal
Plant grafted saplings; avoid peak-heat transplant shock.
Kinnow / Mandarin citrus
Citrus reticulata
Plains; Coastal
Plant budded plants; ensure drainage; protect from frost in colder zones.
Sweet orange
Citrus sinensis
Plains; Coastal
Same citrus timing; sun + airflow reduce disease.
Lemon
Citrus limon
Plains; Coastal
Citrus timing; container-growing possible in many cities.
Guava
Psidium guajava
Plains; Coastal
Saplings establish fast; prune for structure.
Neem
Azadirachta indica
Plains; Coastal
Drought tolerant once established.
Moringa (Sohanjna)
Moringa oleifera
Plains; Coastal
Fast growth; great for edible leaves/pods.
Amaltas (Golden shower)
Cassia fistula
Plains; Coastal
Ornamental flowering tree; full sun.
Gulmohar
Delonix regia
Plains; Coastal
Needs warmth; avoid frost-prone zones.
Jacaranda
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Plains; Coastal
Ornamental; flowers best with full sun.
Bottlebrush
Melaleuca citrina (syn. Callistemon citrinus)
Plains; Coastal
Hardy ornamental; attracts pollinators.
Bougainvillea
Bougainvillea glabra / Bougainvillea spectabilis
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings; full sun; hates waterlogging.
Hibiscus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Plains; Coastal
Shrub; prune for blooms; regular feeding helps.
Jasmine (Mogra/Chambeli)
Jasminum sambac / Jasminum officinale
Plains; Coastal; Northern
Protect from hard frost; best flowering in sun.
Coriander (Dhaniya)
Coriandrum sativum
Plains; Coastal
Bolts in heat; best in cooler windows.
Cucumber (Kheera)
Cucumis sativus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis helps; avoid peak heat in very hot cities.
Mint (Podina)
Mentha spp.
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings/runners; spreads aggressively.
Sponge gourd (Tori)
Luffa aegyptiaca (syn. Luffa cylindrica)
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis recommended.
Tinda
Praecitrullus fistulosus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; warm-season cucurbit.
Turmeric (Haldi)
Curcuma longa
Plains; Coastal
Plant rhizomes; warm + moisture; long crop.
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; full sun; heat tolerant once established.
Zinnia
Zinnia elegans
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; loves heat; avoid overhead watering.
Cosmos
Cosmos bipinnatus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; flowers best in mild temps.
Portulaca (Moss rose)
Portulaca grandiflora
Plains; Coastal
Very heat tolerant; full sun.
Vinca (Periwinkle)
Catharanthus roseus
Plains; Coastal
Loves heat; hardy summer bedding.
Celosia
Celosia argentea
Plains; Coastal
Warm-season flower; good in humidity.
Cucumber (Kheera)
Cucumis sativus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis helps; avoid peak heat in very hot cities.
Bitter gourd (Karela)
Momordica charantia
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; needs trellis; warm season.
Bottle gourd (Lauki/Kaddu)
Lagenaria siceraria
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis improves yield; avoid cold nights.
Eggplant (Baingan)
Solanum melongena
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant preferred; protect young plants from cold.
Cauliflower (Phool gobhi)
Brassica oleracea (Botrytis Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; timing depends on variety.
Cucumber (Kheera)
Cucumis sativus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis helps; avoid peak heat in very hot cities.
Okra (Bhindi)
Abelmoschus esculentus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; heat tolerant; needs regular picking.
Spinach (Palak)
Spinacia oleracea
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; best quality in cooler months.
Sponge gourd (Tori)
Luffa aegyptiaca (syn. Luffa cylindrica)
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis recommended.
Tinda
Praecitrullus fistulosus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; warm-season cucurbit.
Turmeric (Haldi)
Curcuma longa
Plains; Coastal
Plant rhizomes; warm + moisture; long crop.
Marigold
Tagetes erecta / Tagetes patula
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant after 3–4 weeks; full sun.
Bitter gourd (Karela)
Momordica charantia
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; needs trellis; warm season.
Bottle gourd (Lauki/Kaddu)
Lagenaria siceraria
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis improves yield; avoid cold nights.
Cauliflower (Phool gobhi)
Brassica oleracea (Botrytis Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; timing depends on variety.
Coriander (Dhaniya)
Coriandrum sativum
Plains; Coastal
Bolts in heat; best in cooler windows.
Cucumber (Kheera)
Cucumis sativus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis helps; avoid peak heat in very hot cities.
Mint (Podina)
Mentha spp.
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings/runners; spreads aggressively.
Okra (Bhindi)
Abelmoschus esculentus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; heat tolerant; needs regular picking.
Radish (Mooli)
Raphanus sativus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; quick crop; heat can make it pithy/spicy.
Spinach (Palak)
Spinacia oleracea
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; best quality in cooler months.
Sponge gourd (Tori)
Luffa aegyptiaca (syn. Luffa cylindrica)
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis recommended.
Tinda
Praecitrullus fistulosus
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; warm-season cucurbit.
Turmeric (Haldi)
Curcuma longa
Plains; Coastal
Plant rhizomes; warm + moisture; long crop.
Portulaca (Moss rose)
Portulaca grandiflora
Plains; Coastal
Very heat tolerant; full sun.
Vinca (Periwinkle)
Catharanthus roseus
Plains; Coastal
Loves heat; hardy summer bedding.
Celosia
Celosia argentea
Plains; Coastal
Warm-season flower; good in humidity.
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea (Italica Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; prefers cool weather.
Cabbage (Band gobhi)
Brassica oleracea (Capitata Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; needs cool season.
Cauliflower (Phool gobhi)
Brassica oleracea (Botrytis Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; timing depends on variety.
Coriander (Dhaniya)
Coriandrum sativum
Plains; Coastal
Bolts in heat; best in cooler windows.
Mint (Podina)
Mentha spp.
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings/runners; spreads aggressively.
Radish (Mooli)
Raphanus sativus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; quick crop; heat can make it pithy/spicy.
Spinach (Palak)
Spinacia oleracea
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; best quality in cooler months.
Turnip (Shaljam)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapa
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; cool-season root.
Portulaca (Moss rose)
Portulaca grandiflora
Plains; Coastal
Very heat tolerant; full sun.
Vinca (Periwinkle)
Catharanthus roseus
Plains; Coastal
Loves heat; hardy summer bedding.
Celosia
Celosia argentea
Plains; Coastal
Warm-season flower; good in humidity.
Mango
Mangifera indica
Plains; Coastal
Plant grafted saplings; avoid peak-heat transplant shock.
Kinnow / Mandarin citrus
Citrus reticulata
Plains; Coastal
Plant budded plants; ensure drainage; protect from frost in colder zones.
Sweet orange
Citrus sinensis
Plains; Coastal
Same citrus timing; sun + airflow reduce disease.
Lemon
Citrus limon
Plains; Coastal
Citrus timing; container-growing possible in many cities.
Guava
Psidium guajava
Plains; Coastal
Saplings establish fast; prune for structure.
Neem
Azadirachta indica
Plains; Coastal
Drought tolerant once established.
Moringa (Sohanjna)
Moringa oleifera
Plains; Coastal
Fast growth; great for edible leaves/pods.
Amaltas (Golden shower)
Cassia fistula
Plains; Coastal
Ornamental flowering tree; full sun.
Gulmohar
Delonix regia
Plains; Coastal
Needs warmth; avoid frost-prone zones.
Jacaranda
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Plains; Coastal
Ornamental; flowers best with full sun.
Bottlebrush
Melaleuca citrina (syn. Callistemon citrinus)
Plains; Coastal
Hardy ornamental; attracts pollinators.
Bougainvillea
Bougainvillea glabra / Bougainvillea spectabilis
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings; full sun; hates waterlogging.
Hibiscus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Plains; Coastal
Shrub; prune for blooms; regular feeding helps.
Jasmine (Mogra/Chambeli)
Jasminum sambac / Jasminum officinale
Plains; Coastal; Northern
Protect from hard frost; best flowering in sun.
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea (Italica Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; prefers cool weather.
Cabbage (Band gobhi)
Brassica oleracea (Capitata Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; needs cool season.
Carrot (Gajar)
Daucus carota subsp. sativus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; loose soil for straight roots.
Cauliflower (Phool gobhi)
Brassica oleracea (Botrytis Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; timing depends on variety.
Celery
Apium graveolens
Plains; Northern
Slow germination; nursery recommended; cool weather crop.
Coriander (Dhaniya)
Coriandrum sativum
Plains; Coastal
Bolts in heat; best in cooler windows.
Fenugreek (Methi)
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; fast leafy harvest.
Garlic (Lehsan)
Allium sativum
Plains; Northern
Plant cloves; needs cool season to bulb well.
Chili pepper (Mirch)
Capsicum annuum
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; protect from frost in colder zones.
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
Plains; Northern
Cool-season; bolts quickly once heat starts.
Mint (Podina)
Mentha spp.
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings/runners; spreads aggressively.
Mustard greens (Sarson)
Brassica juncea
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; cool weather leafy crop.
Onion (Piaz)
Allium cepa
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant or sets; bulb size depends on variety.
Peas (Matar)
Pisum sativum
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; support for taller types.
Potato (Aloo)
Solanum tuberosum
Plains; Northern
Plant seed tubers; avoid waterlogging.
Radish (Mooli)
Raphanus sativus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; quick crop; heat can make it pithy/spicy.
Spinach (Palak)
Spinacia oleracea
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; best quality in cooler months.
Tomato (Tamatar)
Solanum lycopersicum
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; protect from frost where needed.
Turnip (Shaljam)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapa
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; cool-season root.
Pansy
Viola × wittrockiana
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Winter flower; start in trays then transplant.
Marigold
Tagetes erecta / Tagetes patula
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant after 3–4 weeks; full sun.
Petunia
Petunia × atkinsiana
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Winter bedding; prefers cool nights.
Calendula
Calendula officinalis
Plains; Northern
Winter bedding; direct sow or transplant.
Dianthus
Dianthus chinensis
Plains; Northern
Winter flower; pinch for bushy growth.
Snapdragon
Antirrhinum majus
Plains; Northern
Winter flower; likes cool weather; stake tall varieties.
Stock flower
Matthiola incana
Plains; Northern
Winter flower; fragrant; cool-season.
Sweet alyssum
Lobularia maritima
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Winter bedding; good edging plant.
Gazania
Gazania rigens
Plains; Coastal
Cool-season flowering; full sun.
Mango
Mangifera indica
Plains; Coastal
Plant grafted saplings; avoid peak-heat transplant shock.
Kinnow / Mandarin citrus
Citrus reticulata
Plains; Coastal
Plant budded plants; ensure drainage; protect from frost in colder zones.
Sweet orange
Citrus sinensis
Plains; Coastal
Same citrus timing; sun + airflow reduce disease.
Lemon
Citrus limon
Plains; Coastal
Citrus timing; container-growing possible in many cities.
Guava
Psidium guajava
Plains; Coastal
Saplings establish fast; prune for structure.
Neem
Azadirachta indica
Plains; Coastal
Drought tolerant once established.
Moringa (Sohanjna)
Moringa oleifera
Plains; Coastal
Fast growth; great for edible leaves/pods.
Amaltas (Golden shower)
Cassia fistula
Plains; Coastal
Ornamental flowering tree; full sun.
Gulmohar
Delonix regia
Plains; Coastal
Needs warmth; avoid frost-prone zones.
Jacaranda
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Plains; Coastal
Ornamental; flowers best with full sun.
Bottlebrush
Melaleuca citrina (syn. Callistemon citrinus)
Plains; Coastal
Hardy ornamental; attracts pollinators.
Bougainvillea
Bougainvillea glabra / Bougainvillea spectabilis
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings; full sun; hates waterlogging.
Hibiscus
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Plains; Coastal
Shrub; prune for blooms; regular feeding helps.
Jasmine (Mogra/Chambeli)
Jasminum sambac / Jasminum officinale
Plains; Coastal; Northern
Protect from hard frost; best flowering in sun.
Bottle gourd (Lauki/Kaddu)
Lagenaria siceraria
Plains; Coastal
Direct sow; trellis improves yield; avoid cold nights.
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea (Italica Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; prefers cool weather.
Cabbage (Band gobhi)
Brassica oleracea (Capitata Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; needs cool season.
Carrot (Gajar)
Daucus carota subsp. sativus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; loose soil for straight roots.
Cauliflower (Phool gobhi)
Brassica oleracea (Botrytis Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; timing depends on variety.
Celery
Apium graveolens
Plains; Northern
Slow germination; nursery recommended; cool weather crop.
Coriander (Dhaniya)
Coriandrum sativum
Plains; Coastal
Bolts in heat; best in cooler windows.
Fenugreek (Methi)
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; fast leafy harvest.
Garlic (Lehsan)
Allium sativum
Plains; Northern
Plant cloves; needs cool season to bulb well.
Chili pepper (Mirch)
Capsicum annuum
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; protect from frost in colder zones.
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
Plains; Northern
Cool-season; bolts quickly once heat starts.
Mint (Podina)
Mentha spp.
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings/runners; spreads aggressively.
Mustard greens (Sarson)
Brassica juncea
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; cool weather leafy crop.
Onion (Piaz)
Allium cepa
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant or sets; bulb size depends on variety.
Peas (Matar)
Pisum sativum
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; support for taller types.
Potato (Aloo)
Solanum tuberosum
Plains; Northern
Plant seed tubers; avoid waterlogging.
Radish (Mooli)
Raphanus sativus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; quick crop; heat can make it pithy/spicy.
Spinach (Palak)
Spinacia oleracea
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; best quality in cooler months.
Capsicum / Bell pepper (Shimla mirch)
Capsicum annuum (Grossum Group)
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; sensitive to cold + extreme heat.
Tomato (Tamatar)
Solanum lycopersicum
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; protect from frost where needed.
Turnip (Shaljam)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapa
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; cool-season root.
Pansy
Viola × wittrockiana
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Winter flower; start in trays then transplant.
Petunia
Petunia × atkinsiana
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Winter bedding; prefers cool nights.
Calendula
Calendula officinalis
Plains; Northern
Winter bedding; direct sow or transplant.
Dianthus
Dianthus chinensis
Plains; Northern
Winter flower; pinch for bushy growth.
Snapdragon
Antirrhinum majus
Plains; Northern
Winter flower; likes cool weather; stake tall varieties.
Stock flower
Matthiola incana
Plains; Northern
Winter flower; fragrant; cool-season.
Sweet alyssum
Lobularia maritima
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Winter bedding; good edging plant.
Gazania
Gazania rigens
Plains; Coastal
Cool-season flowering; full sun.
Kinnow / Mandarin citrus
Citrus reticulata
Plains; Coastal
Plant budded plants; ensure drainage; protect from frost in colder zones.
Sweet orange
Citrus sinensis
Plains; Coastal
Same citrus timing; sun + airflow reduce disease.
Lemon
Citrus limon
Plains; Coastal
Citrus timing; container-growing possible in many cities.
Eggplant (Baingan)
Solanum melongena
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant preferred; protect young plants from cold.
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea (Italica Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; prefers cool weather.
Cabbage (Band gobhi)
Brassica oleracea (Capitata Group)
Plains; Northern
Nursery + transplant; needs cool season.
Coriander (Dhaniya)
Coriandrum sativum
Plains; Coastal
Bolts in heat; best in cooler windows.
Mint (Podina)
Mentha spp.
Plains; Coastal
Best from cuttings/runners; spreads aggressively.
Peas (Matar)
Pisum sativum
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; support for taller types.
Radish (Mooli)
Raphanus sativus
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; quick crop; heat can make it pithy/spicy.
Spinach (Palak)
Spinacia oleracea
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; best quality in cooler months.
Capsicum / Bell pepper (Shimla mirch)
Capsicum annuum (Grossum Group)
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; sensitive to cold + extreme heat.
Tomato (Tamatar)
Solanum lycopersicum
Plains; Coastal
Nursery + transplant; protect from frost where needed.
Turnip (Shaljam)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapa
Plains; Northern
Direct sow; cool-season root.
Pansy
Viola × wittrockiana
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Winter flower; start in trays then transplant.
Petunia
Petunia × atkinsiana
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Winter bedding; prefers cool nights.
Calendula
Calendula officinalis
Plains; Northern
Winter bedding; direct sow or transplant.
Dianthus
Dianthus chinensis
Plains; Northern
Winter flower; pinch for bushy growth.
Snapdragon
Antirrhinum majus
Plains; Northern
Winter flower; likes cool weather; stake tall varieties.
Stock flower
Matthiola incana
Plains; Northern
Winter flower; fragrant; cool-season.
Sweet alyssum
Lobularia maritima
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Winter bedding; good edging plant.
Gazania
Gazania rigens
Plains; Coastal
Cool-season flowering; full sun.
Rose (planting)
Rosa spp.
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Best time to plant bare-root; prune + feed after establishment.
Rose (planting)
Rosa spp.
Plains; Northern; Coastal
Best time to plant bare-root; prune + feed after establishment.